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Understanding Hooke's Law: The Foundation of Elasticity| Chapter 5 Physics 9th

HOOKE'S LAW   Introduction In physics, Hooke's Law is one of the fundamental principles governing how objects deform under external forces . Named after the 17th-century British physicist Robert Hooke, this law provides a crucial understanding of the behavior of elastic materials, such as springs and rubber bands. Whether stretching a rubber band or compressing a spring, Hooke's Law helps explain what happens when forces act on these materials. What is Hooke's Law: Hooke's Law states that the force F needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance x is proportional to that distance. Mathematically, it is expressed as: F= -kx Here k represents the spring constant, which is the measure of the stiffness of the spring, and x is the displacement from the displacement position.  The negative sign indicates that the force exerted by the spring is in the opposite direction of the displacement.  Understanding the Spring Constant: The spring constant k is a critical co
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Center of Mass or Center of Gravity and Couple | 9th Physics

 Center of Mass or Center of Gravity



A body behaves as if its all mass is concentrated at one point called as Center of Mass or Center of Gravity. Even though earth attract every part of it. 

Below figure shows center of masses of different shapes.

Center of Mass or Center of Gravity | 9th Physics

Center of Mass of Irregular Shapes:

In case of regular shapes it is easier to find the center of mass because of their structure, but can we find the center of mass of an irregular shape?
Yes we can.
Following are some steps to find the center of mass of the irregular shapes:
Step 01: Make small holes on the edges of the irregular shapes. 
Step 02: Suspend the irregular shape one whole retord stand.
Step 03: Hung a plumb line or weight from the pin in front of irregular shape.
Step 04: When plumb line is steady, trace the line on the irregular shape.
Step 05: Repeat step 2-4 for second and third hole.  
Center of Mass or Center of Gravity | 9th Physics


Couple:



A couple is formed by two unlike forces of same magnitude but opposite in direction. 
The torque produced by two forces will be same. 

The torque of the couple can be found as, 
Total torque = FxOA + F x OB
Total torque = F(OA + OB)
Total torque = FxAB

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