HOOKE'S LAW Introduction In physics, Hooke's Law is one of the fundamental principles governing how objects deform under external forces . Named after the 17th-century British physicist Robert Hooke, this law provides a crucial understanding of the behavior of elastic materials, such as springs and rubber bands. Whether stretching a rubber band or compressing a spring, Hooke's Law helps explain what happens when forces act on these materials. What is Hooke's Law: Hooke's Law states that the force F needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance x is proportional to that distance. Mathematically, it is expressed as: F= -kx Here k represents the spring constant, which is the measure of the stiffness of the spring, and x is the displacement from the displacement position. The negative sign indicates that the force exerted by the spring is in the opposite direction of the displacement. Understanding the Spring Constant: The spring constant k is a critical co...
EVOLUTIONS OF COMPUTERS The computers which we see today are modern shape of computers which have been evolved since centuries. The evolution of computers is generally divided in following three eras. (i) Mechanical Era (Dark Age): Men have been trying to invent machines that can solve mathematical problems. In mechanical era, human became successful to make simple machines that could help performing simple arithmetic operation, in other words computing. These machines were manually operated since the electricity was not invented. (a) Abacus (3000 B.C): Abacus was invented about 5000 years ago. It is also known as counting frame. Abacus is still used to teach basic arithmetic operations to the students. Abacus is considered as first computer prototype. Abacus 3000 BC (b) Napier's Bones (1612 A.D.) : Scottish mathematician John Napier developed Napier's Bones, in 1612. ...