HOOKE'S LAW Introduction In physics, Hooke's Law is one of the fundamental principles governing how objects deform under external forces . Named after the 17th-century British physicist Robert Hooke, this law provides a crucial understanding of the behavior of elastic materials, such as springs and rubber bands. Whether stretching a rubber band or compressing a spring, Hooke's Law helps explain what happens when forces act on these materials. What is Hooke's Law: Hooke's Law states that the force F needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance x is proportional to that distance. Mathematically, it is expressed as: F= -kx Here k represents the spring constant, which is the measure of the stiffness of the spring, and x is the displacement from the displacement position. The negative sign indicates that the force exerted by the spring is in the opposite direction of the displacement. Understanding the Spring Constant: The spring constant k is a critical co...
Dark Energy and Dark Matter Since our universe, or we can say earth, sun and other stars are mainly composed of tiny subatomic particles called electrons, protons and neutrons and other particles as well thus named as Baryonic matter. They are jumbled together and make the whole universe. They make up almost 5% of the universe, then what about remaining 95% of the universe? What comes in this 95%? In the near 20th century, it was found that about 25% of the universe the composed of an invisible substance called Dark Matter, and the force that repel gravity is known as Dark Energy which constitute about 70% of the universe. This dark matter does not interact with baryonic matter (matter that makes up stars and other celestial bodies that reflect light.) and thus it does not reflect the light and therefore, scientists are unable to see the dark matter with present instruments. Various scientists say that it exerts a gravitational pull on the galaxies. According to standa...