HOOKE'S LAW Introduction In physics, Hooke's Law is one of the fundamental principles governing how objects deform under external forces . Named after the 17th-century British physicist Robert Hooke, this law provides a crucial understanding of the behavior of elastic materials, such as springs and rubber bands. Whether stretching a rubber band or compressing a spring, Hooke's Law helps explain what happens when forces act on these materials. What is Hooke's Law: Hooke's Law states that the force F needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance x is proportional to that distance. Mathematically, it is expressed as: F= -kx Here k represents the spring constant, which is the measure of the stiffness of the spring, and x is the displacement from the displacement position. The negative sign indicates that the force exerted by the spring is in the opposite direction of the displacement. Understanding the Spring Constant: The spring constant k is a critical co
Torque or Moment of Force
The turning effect of the force is called Torque. It is also known as Moment of Force.
Torque depends on:
- The magnitude of force.
- The perpendicular distance between point of application of the force and the pivot.
- It is also called as Moment Arm.
Nm.
Moments are described as Clockwise or Anti-clockwise in direction.
Example Problems on Torque
Example 01: A driver tightens the nut of the wheel using 2cm long spanner by exerting a force of 300N. Find the torque.
Data:
d= 2cm => 2/100= 0.02m
F= 300N
Torque =?
Solution:
Torque = F x d
Torque = F x d
Torque = 300 x 0.02
Torque = 6Nm.
Self-Assessment Question: What will be the moment of force? When 500N of force is applied on 40cm long spanner to tighten the nut?
Data:
d= 40cm = 0.4m
F=500N
Torque =?
Solution:
Torque = F x d
Torque = F x d
Torque = 500 x 0.4
Torque = 200Nm.
Example 02: A mechanic tightens the nut of the bicycle using a 15cm long spanner by exerting a force of 200N. Find the torque.
Data:
d=15cm= 0.15m
F= 200N
Torque=?
Solution:
Torque = F x d
Torque = 200 x 0.15
Torque = 30Nm.
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