HOOKE'S LAW Introduction In physics, Hooke's Law is one of the fundamental principles governing how objects deform under external forces . Named after the 17th-century British physicist Robert Hooke, this law provides a crucial understanding of the behavior of elastic materials, such as springs and rubber bands. Whether stretching a rubber band or compressing a spring, Hooke's Law helps explain what happens when forces act on these materials. What is Hooke's Law: Hooke's Law states that the force F needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance x is proportional to that distance. Mathematically, it is expressed as: F= -kx Here k represents the spring constant, which is the measure of the stiffness of the spring, and x is the displacement from the displacement position. The negative sign indicates that the force exerted by the spring is in the opposite direction of the displacement. Understanding the Spring Constant: The spring constant k is a critical co...
NEWTON'S LAWS OF MOTION
NEWTON'S FIRST LAW OF MOTION:
You have often observed the table placed in your
classroom . It always remains at the same place until
you apply some force to move it. Like a book placed on
the table remains at its place unless someone picks it
back. Similarly, a satellite in the space continuously
moves with constant speed because there is no air or
force of friction in the space.
Contrary to above examples, a ball rolling on the
ground however stops after some time because friction
of ground and air resistance exert force on it and change
its state of motion or direction of motion. We can define
Newton’s first law of motion as,
"A body continues its state of rest or of uniform
motion in a straight line unless an external force acts on
it".
Newton's First law is also known as Law of Inertia.
Inertia can be defined as,
"Inertia is the property of an object due to which it
tends to continue its state of rest or motion. Inertia is
resistance to change the state."
NEWTON'S SECOND LAW OF MOTION:
If a body is applied by any external force, then it will be accelerated by some distance. The direction of the acceleration produced will be same as the direction of applied force.
From this Newton stated that,
"If a body is applied by net force, then it will produce acceleration in the direction of force."
This is known as Second Law of Motion.
This law gives the relationship between force and acceleration.
- Acceleration is directly proportional to the force applied on an object.
- Acceleration is inversly proportional to the mass of an object.
a α F ..............................(i)
a α 1/m ...........................(ii)
Combining equation (i) and (ii) we have,
a α F/m
After removing proportionality sign we have k as proportionality constant.
a = kF/m
Let k=1 so,
F = ma
This expression is used for the calculation of force being exerted on an object of mass 'm' and acceleration 'a'.
Which is also called as Newton's Second Law of Motion.
Newton's Third Law of Motion:
Suppose you hit a ball on a wall it will bounce back with the same force applied by a person to throw on a wall.
Why is that so, it is actually third law of motion which states that,
"To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction."
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