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Understanding Hooke's Law: The Foundation of Elasticity| Chapter 5 Physics 9th

HOOKE'S LAW   Introduction In physics, Hooke's Law is one of the fundamental principles governing how objects deform under external forces . Named after the 17th-century British physicist Robert Hooke, this law provides a crucial understanding of the behavior of elastic materials, such as springs and rubber bands. Whether stretching a rubber band or compressing a spring, Hooke's Law helps explain what happens when forces act on these materials. What is Hooke's Law: Hooke's Law states that the force F needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance x is proportional to that distance. Mathematically, it is expressed as: F= -kx Here k represents the spring constant, which is the measure of the stiffness of the spring, and x is the displacement from the displacement position.  The negative sign indicates that the force exerted by the spring is in the opposite direction of the displacement.  Understanding the Spring Constant: The spring constant k is a critical co
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Scalar and Vector Quantities and their Graphical Representation | Physics 9th Sindh Board

 SCALAR AND VECTOR QUANTITIES

Table of Contents:

  • What are Physical Quantities
  • What are Scalar Quantities
  • What are Vector Quantities


  • PHYSICAL QUANTITIES:
  •                                         Those quantities which can be measured and have a unit are called Physical Quantities.
  • They are divided into two types of quantities
    • Scalar Quantities
    • Vector Quantities
  • Scalar Quantities:
  • Those quantities which are specified by their Magnitude and unit only are termed as Scalar Quantities.
  • Magnitude is nothing but it is a number for instance, 5 kg of sugar. Here 5 is Magnitude and kg is the unit.
  • For Example:
    • Speed
    • Distance
    • Energy
    • Workdone
    • Power
  • Vector Quantities
    • Those quantities which are specified by their magnitude + unit and direction, are called Vector Quantities.
    • For Example:
      • Velocity
      • Acceleration
      • Force
      • Tension
  • Graphical Representation of Vectors:
    • Vector quantities are represented by an Arrow. Shown in fig(01).
SCALAR AND VECTOR QUANTITIES
Figure 01: Graphical Representation of Vectors

The length of the arrows shows the magnitude, and the arrow head shows the direction.



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