HOOKE'S LAW Introduction In physics, Hooke's Law is one of the fundamental principles governing how objects deform under external forces . Named after the 17th-century British physicist Robert Hooke, this law provides a crucial understanding of the behavior of elastic materials, such as springs and rubber bands. Whether stretching a rubber band or compressing a spring, Hooke's Law helps explain what happens when forces act on these materials. What is Hooke's Law: Hooke's Law states that the force F needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance x is proportional to that distance. Mathematically, it is expressed as: F= -kx Here k represents the spring constant, which is the measure of the stiffness of the spring, and x is the displacement from the displacement position. The negative sign indicates that the force exerted by the spring is in the opposite direction of the displacement. Understanding the Spring Constant: The spring constant k is a critical co...
CUSTOMS OF VARIOUS REGIONS OF PAKISTAN
Contextual Words Meaning:
Ø SUMMARY OF “VARIOUS CUSTOM REGIONS OF PAKISTAN”:
Pakistan is
full of beautiful scenery. Its northern parts have snow-caped mountains, waterfall,
and cool lakes. The central Pakistan consists of fertile green plains of Punjab
and Sindh. Baluchistan has the rocky region full of minerals and resources and
shores of Arabian Sea. These geographical variations are reflected in customs
of the people of various regions of Pakistan.
The tribal
people and pathan of north are brave. They have been defending their areas from
foreign invasions for centuries. They are very hospitable and generous to their
guests. They used to protect visitors at the cost of their lives. The power of
a tribe depends on the number of its men folk. Due to this reason the birth of
a son is celebrated by the rifle-shot and considered to be great blessings. The
favorite food of pathan is meat, roast and chapli kabab are their popular
dishes.
The land of
five river has been called as ‘Heart of Pakistan’, by Quaid-e-Azam. It
has been a center of culture and seat of learning. The University of Taxila
flourished near two thousand and five hundred years ago and also large numbers
of school, colleges and universities are present in Punjab.
Some special
crafts are are famous in nearly every district of Punjab. For example, the
furniture of Chiniot, the sport of Sialkot, the cutlery of Wazirabad, the pottery
of Gujrat and Bahawalpur and the embroidery of Multan are famous all over the
country. People from all over the country gather there. The famous mela of
Chiraghan is held in Lahore every year the Urs of Saint Madho Lal Hussain, The
Urs of Baba Fareed Shakar Gunj at Pakpattan and Data Gunj Bux in Lahore are
celebrated every year by thousands of people.
The younger
people sing 'Mahya' or the popular 'Heer.' The villagers used to set together
in the "chopal' and discuss their daily problem. The close relatives of
the bride and groom, come to stay many days before the wedding and stay even
after the wedding for many days, the young celebrate the weeding by dancing
"the Luddi' and *Bhangra'.
In Baluchistan,
due to extreme weather, people live a nomadic life and they keep shifting their
home. In winter, they come down from the mountains and in summer, they return
back to their homes in the hills. A 'Sandy' is a local stove for keeping room
warm. It is placed in the middle of a room with little coal in it. It is kept
under a table and a large quilt or blanket is spread over the table. All the
members of the family get under the quilt or blanket to keep themselves warm.
The rocky area is mostly barren and women have to carry water from long
distances. These people lead a simple life. They usually sit and sleep on the
floor and also entertain their guest in the same way by placing food in the
middle and sit around it to have their meals.
The traditional
jewelry of Baluchistan is beautifully designed, and the women wear most of
their jewelry all the time. The wedding ceremony is celebrated with the lively
beats of drums and men and women dancing and singing their traditional songs.
The food is brought along with Barat and the groom feast his own and bride's
guests.
The valley of
Mehran is one of the oldest civilizations in the world. The ancient city of
Mohenjo-Daro dates to 2500 BC and its ruins shows that it was once a highly
developed civilization. The shrines of saints like Shahbaz Qalandar and Shah
Abdul Latif Bhitai, Abdullah Shah Ghazi are in Sindh. The devotees celebrate
their Urs every year in the shrines of these saints. The folk music of Sindh is
very sweet and melodious. The 'Ek-tara' and the 'Alghoza' are the popular
instrument used in Sindh for singing folk songs.
The embroidery of Sindh is admired all over Pakistani. The embroidery in thread, beads and mirror is famous in Pakistan as well as in foreign countries.
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q1:What do you know about the
civilization of “Valley of Mehran”?
Ans. The valley of Mehran is one of the oldest civilizations in the
world. The ancient city of Mohenjo-Daro dates to 2500 BC and its ruins shows
that it was once a highly developed civilization. The shrines of saints like
Shahbaz Qalandar and Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai, Abdullah Shah Ghazi are in Sindh.
The devotees celebrate their Urs every year in the shrines of these saints. The
folk music of Sindh is very sweet and melodious. The 'Ek-tara' and the
'Alghoza' are the popular instrument used in Sindh for singing folk songs.
Q2: What is an Urs?
Ans. Urs is the congregation of
the devotes on death anniversary of the saints to pay them homage to the departed
soul. It is generally celebrated at the shrines of Saints and Sufis.
Q3: Who are famous saints of Sindh?
Ans. The Shrines of saints like, Shahabaz Qalandar and Shah Abdul Latif
Bhitai, Abdullah Shah Ghazi are in Sindh and these saints are known as famous
Saints of Sindh.
Q4: Who are famous saints of Punjab?
Ans. The Famous Saints of Punjab are, Madho mal Hussain, Hazrat Baba Fareed
Shakar Gunj at Pakpattan and Data Gunj Bux in Lahore.
Q5: What sort of people are Pathan
Ans. The tribal people and pathan
of north are brave. They have been defending their areas from foreign invasions
for centuries. They are very hospitable and generous to their guests. They used
to protect visitors at the cost of their lives.
Q6: How does Pathan announce the
birth of a son in family?
Ans. The power of a tribe depends on the number of its men folk. Due to
this reason the birth of a son is celebrated by the rifle-shot and considered
to be great blessings.
Q7: Describe about some fairs and
festivals which are held in Punjab?
Ans. The famous mela of Chiraghan
is held in Lahore every year the Urs of Saint Madho Lal Hussain, The Urs of
Baba Fareed Shakar Gunj at Pakpattan and Data Gunj Bux in Lahore are celebrated
every year by thousands of people.
Q8: What is result of extreme
climate on the lives of Baluchis?
Ans. In Baluchistan, due to extreme weather, people live a nomadic life and they keep shifting their home. In winter, they come down from the mountains and in summer, they return back to their homes in the hills.
Q9: What is Sandy? How it is used?
Ans. A 'Sandy' is a local stove for keeping room warm. It is placed in
the middle of a room with little coal in it. It is kept under a table and a
large quilt or blanket is spread over the table.
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