HOOKE'S LAW Introduction In physics, Hooke's Law is one of the fundamental principles governing how objects deform under external forces . Named after the 17th-century British physicist Robert Hooke, this law provides a crucial understanding of the behavior of elastic materials, such as springs and rubber bands. Whether stretching a rubber band or compressing a spring, Hooke's Law helps explain what happens when forces act on these materials. What is Hooke's Law: Hooke's Law states that the force F needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance x is proportional to that distance. Mathematically, it is expressed as: F= -kx Here k represents the spring constant, which is the measure of the stiffness of the spring, and x is the displacement from the displacement position. The negative sign indicates that the force exerted by the spring is in the opposite direction of the displacement. Understanding the Spring Constant: The spring constant k is a critical co...
Making A Summary
Contextual Words Meaning:
SUMMARY OF "MAKING A SUMMARY":
The summaries
facilitate people when they have to read a lot. As with new development and
research, everyone has to read a lot to keep himself up to dated. In this
prospective it is quite significant for busy reader to read the summaries of
their related material. Precis writing thus provides a facility to acquire more
information in less time.
A good summary
is generally one third of the original passage. It must have all the main
aspects discussed in the text in precis form. Due to its precis style, summary
is also called as Precis.
There are five
skills one needed to make a precis
1.
Generalization
2.
Selection
of main ideas and facts
3.
The
use of indirect speech
4.
The
use of one word or phrase for a long list of words
5.
Avoidance
of using personal opinions in summary.
The first skill needed for summarizing
is generalization. In Generalization one word, or phrase is used for a long
list of words. For Example,
Fruits can be used in the place of
bananas, apples, oranges.
Sports can be used in the place of
cricket, football, volleyball, badminton etc.
The ability to select main facts and
figures and to reject the unnecessary data is having less importance is the
second skill necessary for making a precis. For example the dog was very fierce.
It howled all the night so the neighbors never went near it. It can be reduced
by dropping the second sentence, which is less important. The third skill is
the ability to compress several words into one word or phrase. For example,
That can be seen visible.
That cannot be avoided-inevitable.
The fourth skill is the ability to
convert direct speech into indirect speech. For example:
DIRECT: ‘Please, stop this noise. I want all of you to be quiet.’
INDIRECT: She told them to be quiet.
The fifth skill is the avoidance from
the use of personal opinions in a summary. For example:
Waseem is the best cricketer in the
world and there is no one to equal him.’ It can be summarized as;
‘The
author feels that Wasim is the world’s best cricketer.’
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q1: How are summaries are useful to
people? Or what is the importance of precis writing?
Ans. The summaries facilitate people when they have to read a lot. As
with new development and research, everyone has to read a lot to keep himself
up to dated. In this prospective it is quite significant for busy reader to
read the summaries of their related material. Precis writing thus provides a
facility to acquire more information in less time.
Q2: What are characteristics of a good
summary? Or why summary is called Precis?
Ans. A good summary is generally one third of the original passage. It
must have all the main aspects discussed in the text in precis form. Due to its
precis style, summary is also called as Precis.
Q3. What are first five skills to
write a summary or precis?
Ans. There are five skills one
needed to make a precis
1.
Generalization
2.
Selection
of main ideas and facts
3.
The
use of indirect speech
4.
The
use of one word or phrase for a long list of words
5.
Avoidance
of using personal opinions in summary.
Q4: What is the first skill to make
a summary? How does it help in summarizing the text? Or what is generalization?
How does it help in making a summary?
Ans. Avoidance of using personal opinions in summary.
The first skill needed for summarizing
is generalization. In Generalization one word, or phrase is used for a long
list of words. For Example,
Fruits can be used in the place of
bananas, apples, oranges.
Sports can be used in the place of
cricket, football, volleyball, badminton etc.
Q5: What is second skill of making a
summary? Explain it with example.
Ans. The ability to select main facts and figures and to reject the unnecessary data is having less importance is the second skill necessary for making a precis. For example the dog was very fierce. It howled all the night so the neighbors never went near it. It can be reduced by dropping the second sentence, which is less important
Q6: What is the third skill in
making a summary? Explain it with examples.
Ans. The third skill is the ability to compress several words into one
word or phrase. For example,
That can be seen visible.
That cannot be avoided-inevitable.
Q7: What is the fourth skill in
making a summary? Explain it with examples.
Ans. The fourth skill is the ability to convert direct speech into indirect
speech. For example:
DIRECT: ‘Please, stop this noise. I want all of you to be quiet.’
INDIRECT: She told them to be quiet.
Q8: What is the fifth skill in
making a summary? Explain it with examples.
Ans. The fifth skill is the avoidance from the use of personal opinions
in a summary. For example:
Waseem is the best cricketer in the
world and there is no one to equal him.’ It can be summarized as;
‘The
author feels that Wasim is the world’s best cricketer.’
Q.1) Give a general word or phrase for the following:
1. Football, cricket, hockey,
volleyball. (Sport/Games)
2. Tables, chairs, sofas, cupboards,
(Furniture)
3. Snakes, crocodiles, lizards. (Reptiles)
4. lions, bears, tigers. (Wild
Animals)
5. Sheep, goats, horses, camels,
donkeys. (Pet Animals)
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