HOOKE'S LAW Introduction In physics, Hooke's Law is one of the fundamental principles governing how objects deform under external forces . Named after the 17th-century British physicist Robert Hooke, this law provides a crucial understanding of the behavior of elastic materials, such as springs and rubber bands. Whether stretching a rubber band or compressing a spring, Hooke's Law helps explain what happens when forces act on these materials. What is Hooke's Law: Hooke's Law states that the force F needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance x is proportional to that distance. Mathematically, it is expressed as: F= -kx Here k represents the spring constant, which is the measure of the stiffness of the spring, and x is the displacement from the displacement position. The negative sign indicates that the force exerted by the spring is in the opposite direction of the displacement. Understanding the Spring Constant: The spring constant k is a critical co...
KHYBER PASS
WORDS AND MEANING:
SUMMARY OF THE KHYBER PASS
Khyber Pass is
narrow mountain valley fifty kilometers long. We go to Afghanistan through
Khyber Pass. At this side of Khyber Pass is the famous city of Peshawar and on
other end, the frontier post of Torkham. Four thousand year ago the Aryan
crossed this passed and entered Pakistan. After that Mangols and Tartar used to
attack from this pass. The Muslim Conqueror Mehmood Gaznavi, Babar and Ahmed
Shah Abdali attack South Asia through this route and established their rule.
Khyber Pass was
famous trade route. Formally camel caravans carried bales of cotton, silk and
spices from India and China to Afghanistan and other countries. They brought
furs, skins and fruits from there for South Asian countries. The trade is now
mostly done by trains lorries and trains and trucks from this pass. The Khyber
Pass is still a busy route as it was before.
The brave tribesmen
of the frontiers are the inhabitants of these mountains. When the British rule
the sub-continent they fought against British Army hundred years and defeated
their freedom. Jamrood check post is fourteen kilometers from Peshawar and is
one to obtain permission to visit Khyber Pass or cross Khyber Pass, Landikotal
is the highest place along the Khyber Pass. The road goes through winding with
a beautiful scenery. There was a railway line running parallel to the road,
which was laid down in 1925 by British Government for supply of arms and ammunitions
to their Army. But the brave tribesmen continuously broke the line to disturb the
supply. This Railway line belongs to the Pakistan now. Torkham is the border
between Pakistan and Afghanistan. From here one can see the Pakistani flag
flying on a hill. This are reminding of Babar, Ahmed and Mehmood.
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q1: What is Khyber Pass? How long is
it?
Ans. Khyber Pass is a narrow mountain valley about fifty kilometers
long.
Q2: Where do we go through this
pass?
Ans. We go Afghanistan through Khyber Pass. At this side of Khyber, is
the famous city of Peshawar and the other end, the frontier post of Torkham.
Q3: When did the Aryans crossed it?
Ans. About four thousand years ago, Aryans crossed this pass and entered
the Pakistan.
Q4: How many time Sultan Mehmood
Gaznavi crossed Khyber Pass and why?
Ans. The Sultan Mehmood Gaznavi crossed this pass seventeen time to attack
South Asia and established this rule.
Q5: Why did the Khyber Pass been used
as a trade route?
Ans. It was famous route. Formally, camel caravans carried out bales of
cotton, silk and spices from India, China and Afghanistan and other countries.
They brought furs, skins and fruits from there for South Asian Countries.
The trade is done mostly through train, Lorries, and trucks through this pass. The Khyber Pass is still as busy as it was before.
Q6: What did the Camel Caravans carry?
Ans. The camel caravans carried out bales, silk and spices from India,
China and Afghanistan and other countries. They brought furs skins, and fruits
for the South Asian Countries.
Q7: Who lives in the mountains of
Khyber Pass? Why are they famous for their bravery?
Ans. The brave tribesmen of the frontiers are the inhibitors of these mountains.
When the British rule the sub-continent, these tribesmen fought the British army
for hundred years and defeated their freedom.
Q8: Which is the highest place along
the Khyber Pass?
Ans. Landikotal is the highest place along the Khyber Pass. The road
goes down with windings and beautiful sceneries.
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