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Understanding Hooke's Law: The Foundation of Elasticity| Chapter 5 Physics 9th

HOOKE'S LAW   Introduction In physics, Hooke's Law is one of the fundamental principles governing how objects deform under external forces . Named after the 17th-century British physicist Robert Hooke, this law provides a crucial understanding of the behavior of elastic materials, such as springs and rubber bands. Whether stretching a rubber band or compressing a spring, Hooke's Law helps explain what happens when forces act on these materials. What is Hooke's Law: Hooke's Law states that the force F needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance x is proportional to that distance. Mathematically, it is expressed as: F= -kx Here k represents the spring constant, which is the measure of the stiffness of the spring, and x is the displacement from the displacement position.  The negative sign indicates that the force exerted by the spring is in the opposite direction of the displacement.  Understanding the Spring Constant: The spring constant k is a critical co

Micrometer Screw Gauge Its Introduction, Least Count, Construction, Working

MICROMETER SCREW GAUGE Introduction:                               A Screw gauge is an instrument that is used to  measure small lengths with accuracy greater than a  Vernier Caliper. It is also known as Micrometer Screw Gauge. If it is required to take measurement precis than a Vernier Calipers then one can use Screw Gauge. Construction: A simple screw gauge consists of a U-shaped metal frame with a metal stud at its one end A hollow cylinder (or sleeve) has a millimeter scale over it along a line called index line parallel to its axis. The hollow cylinder acts as a nut. It is fixed at the end of U-shaped frame opposite to the stud. A Thimble has a threaded spindle inside it. As the thimble completes one rotation, the spindle moves 1 mm along the index line. It is because the distance between consecutive threads on the spindle is 1 mm. This distance is called the pitch of screw on the spindle. The thimble has 100 divisions around its one end. It is the circular scale of the screw gau

Chapter 13: Shopping | Complete solved Exercises | 10th English Sindh Board

SHOPPING Ø SUMMARY OF “SHOPPING”: Mother wanted to do shopping, so he took Najma and Ajmal with her as their father was on tour and as they ran out of the grocery and provisions. Ajmal and Najma were very excited to do the home shopping for first time. They hired a taxi from road side the taxi was charging 25Rs for market, as meter out of order. Mother offered him 15 rupees as the market was hardly 2km far. The taxi driver agreed and they arrived the market. Ajmal and Najma saw slaughtered animals hanged on the butcher’s shop. They asked the difference between mutton and beef, and mother replied, “Beef is the meat of cows while Mutton is the meat of goats and sheep”. From butcher’s shop they purchased 1 kg of leg meat and 1kg of minced meat. Then they went to the vegetable market where they purchased 5 kilo of onions, 2kg of potatoes, 1 kg each of cabbage, cauliflower and turnips, and green peas, two kilo of spinach, and five kilos of carrots. They bought ten bananas and one kil

Vernier Calipers Introduction, Construction, Least Count And Working | Physics 9th | Sindh Board

 Vernier Calipers Vernier Calipers are measuring instruments which can measure mainly diameter of the circular objects. They can take smallest reading up to 0.01cm which is known as its Least Count. They are of two types: Analog Vernier Calipers Digital Vernier calipers Below Figure (i) Shows Analog Vernier Caliper while figure (ii) shows Digital Vernier Calipers. Figure (i): Analog Vernier Caliper    Figure(ii): Digital Vernier Calipers In this lecture we will be focusing on Analog Vernier Calipers . CONSTRUCTION OF VERNIER CALIPERS: From Above figure will will describe each of its Component separately: It consisted on two scales (i) Main Scale and (ii)Vernier Scale. Main Scale (MS):                              Main Scale of the Vernier Scale contains the division and each division on the main scale is of 1mm.               Main Scale is marked in Millimeters usually. Vernier Scale (VS):                                                    Vernier Scale on the other hand is a movable