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Understanding Hooke's Law: The Foundation of Elasticity| Chapter 5 Physics 9th

HOOKE'S LAW   Introduction In physics, Hooke's Law is one of the fundamental principles governing how objects deform under external forces . Named after the 17th-century British physicist Robert Hooke, this law provides a crucial understanding of the behavior of elastic materials, such as springs and rubber bands. Whether stretching a rubber band or compressing a spring, Hooke's Law helps explain what happens when forces act on these materials. What is Hooke's Law: Hooke's Law states that the force F needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance x is proportional to that distance. Mathematically, it is expressed as: F= -kx Here k represents the spring constant, which is the measure of the stiffness of the spring, and x is the displacement from the displacement position.  The negative sign indicates that the force exerted by the spring is in the opposite direction of the displacement.  Understanding the Spring Constant: The spring constant k is a critical co

A VILLAGE FAIR 10TH ENGLISH

 A VILLAGE FAIR

SUMMARY OF A VILLAGE FAIR:

Bilal got tired and decided to spend some days during the summer vacation with his cousin in village. When he reached there, he saw that the village was decorated with buntings and colgtful fa His cousin Zubair told him that this decoration was due to the celebrations of village fair. file was much interested in visiting the village fair so he went there and saw a number of interesting things.

The temporary shops were setup there and people from far and wide had come here to buy the articles of daily needs in reasonable rates. Women were found here buying bangles and rings. They were more interested in buying household items, while the men were buying farming tools and other articles. The people, who had come from far away, were enjoying the food there. Popular music was being played there. They also saw a large crowd had gathered to see the fight between a bear that was tied to a pele and three fierce dogs. Bilal disliked this game and called it a cruel game. People specially children loved to see the tricks and imitation of monkey. The monkey imitated the face of an angry husband with furious face. He also imitated a proud man by walking with his hands folded behind his back and his nose up in the air.

They also saw that swings, Merry-go-round were specially arranged for children and the conjurer was performing his wonderful tricks and flats of an art in the village fair. He took Bilal's handkerchief and tore it into various pieces and returned it to him undamaged. The juggler entertained people by showing his clever tricks. He juggled with seven balls at a time without dropping any one of them. An acrobat showed his performance by walking on a tight rope at the village fair. He walked onto the end of the rope and climbed up the pole. He reached the top and lay down flat balancing himself on the pole. It was quite dangerous but people had a craze of seeing it.

When the race was announced, the pride owners of the beautiful horses made their horses walk and dance to the drum beats. The riders took the positions and as the whistle blew and the horse galloped off. The people shouted with joy when their favorite horse won the race.

Tent-pegging is the famous sport of the village. In this game, wooden pegs are fixed in the ground. The rider had to pull them out with their lances as they rode by at a gallop. The successful riders march round the field with their lances held up proudly. The people cheered them loudly and appreciated them. The dog race was also held, which entertained people. The dogs were chasing the rabbit and were anxious to catch it, but it reached the mark safely and vanished under the cover, when the dogs came near.

Although, there were many things left to be seen at the fair, but the boys were too tired, so they returned back to their home.

 

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS AND  ANSWERS

 

Q01: Why did Bilal decided to visit the village and what was going in the village?

Ans. Bilal decided to spend some days during the summer vacations with his cousin in the village because he was tired of busy city life. When he reached there he saw that village was decorated with the buntings and colorful flags. His cousin Zubair told him that this decoration was due to village fair.

Q02: What kind of shops were set up at the village fair? OR What was the use of these temporary shops there?

Ans. Temporary shops were set up there and people from far away had come there to buy the articles of daily needs in  reasonable rates. Women were also buying bangles and rings but,  more interest in buying household items while men were buying farming tools and other articles.

Q.No.03: What were the children doing?

Ans: The swings, Merry-go-round were specially arranged for children so they were enjoying them.

Q.No.04: What were men and women buying in bazaar?

Ans: Women were found there buying bangles and rings. They were more interested in buying household items, while the men were buying farming tools and other articles.

Q.No.05: How were the restaurants serving people?

ANS: People, who had come from far away, were enjoying the food there. Popular music was being played there.

Q.No.06: What game did Bilal call the cruel game and why?

ANS: Large crowd had gathered to see the fight between a tied bear that was tied to a pole, and three fierce dogs. Bilal disliked this game and called it, a cruel game.

Q.No.07: How did monkey perform in his tricks?

Ans: People specially children loved to see the tricks and imitation of monkey, They monkey imitated the face of an angry husband with a furious face. He also imitated a proud man by walking with this hands folded behind his back and his nose up in the air.

Q.No.O8: How did jugglers entertain the people of the village fair?

Ans:  The jugglers entertained people by showing his clever tricks. He juggled with seven balls at a time, without dropping any one of them.

Q.No.9: How did the conjurers entertain the people of the village fair?

Ans: The conjurer was performing his wonderful tricks and art in the village fair. He took Bilal’s handkerchief and tore it into various pieces and returned it to him undamaged.

Q.No.10: How did the acrobat entertain the people of the village fair? 

Ans: An acrobat showed his performance by walking on a tight rope at the village fair. He walked onto the end of the rope and climbed up the pole. He reached the top and laid down flat balancing himself on the pole. It was quite dangerous, but people had a craze of seeing it.

Q.No.11: What is tent-pegging? How is it played at the village fair? 

Ans: Tend-pegging is the famous sport of the village. In this game, wooden pegs are fixed in the ground and the rider had to pull them out with their lances. The rider rode by at a gallop. The successful riders marched around the field with their lances held up proudly. The people cheered them loudly and appreciated them.

Q.No.12: What made the dog run in the dog? Or what is dog race how did it entertain the people?

Ans: The dog’s race was an entertaining sport in which the dogs chased the rabbit and was eager to catch it but it reached the mark, safely and vanished under the cover. When the dog come near.

Comprehension B:

Q.1) Learn the meanings and spellings of the following words from the lesson and use ten of them in sentences of your own:
decorated; colorful; annual; competition; performance; household; deafening; temporary; surprise; pottery; acrobat; damaged; entertainers; announcement

Words

Meanings

decorated

 to add something to an object or place, especially  in order to make it more attractive:

colourful

 having much or varied colour; bright.

annual

 occurring once every year.

competition 

 the activity or condition of striving to gain or win  something by defeating or establishing superiority over others.

performance

 an act of presenting a play, concert, or other form  of entertainment.

household

 a house and its occupants regarded as a unit.

deafening 

 (of a noise) so loud as to make it impossible to hear  anything else.

temporary

 lasting for only a limited period of time; not  permanent.

surprise

 an unexpected or astonishing event, fact, etc.

pottery

 pots, dishes, and other articles made of fired clay.

acrobat

 an entertainer who performs spectacular gymnastic  feats.

damaged

 inflict physical harm on (something) so as to impair  its value, usefulness, or normal function.

entertainers

 persons, such as a singer, dancer, or comedian,  whose job is to entertain others.

announcement

 a formal public statement about a fact, occurrence,  or intention.

 

Words

Sentences

decorated

 The event manager decorated the wedding hall quite well.

colourful

 The house was full of colorful art objects. 

annual

 The Winter Festival is an annual event at our school.

competition

 The competition between the two fighting dogs became fierce.

performance

 Her performance was worthy of praise.

surprise

 Yesterday my friends gave me a wonderful surprise birthday party.

acrobat

 To be an acrobat is the ambition of Saleem. 

damaged

 The enraged elephant damaged the fair’s stalls.

entertainers

 The famous entertainers of media industry entertained everyone in  the function.

announcement

 The prime minister will make an announcement tomorrow

 

Comprehension-C

Q.1) Complete the sentences with suitable (relative) words given below:


which, who, that, where, whom, when, whose.
1)The drummer………….. could beat the longest would get a prize.
2)The two friends moved towards a crowd……….. had gathered in a big circle.
3)The food……….. we ate was delicious.
4)The man ………. we saw climbing the pole had been walking on the tight rope.
5)The rider………. horse had won the face was very happy.
6)I went to the village……….. my cousin was living.
7)I visited him………. the village fair was in full swing.

Answer:
1. The drummer who could beat the longest would get a prize.
2. The two friends moved towards a crowd that had gathered in a big circle.
3. The food that we ate was delicious.
4. The man whom we saw climbing the pole had been walking on the tight rope.
5. The rider whose horse had won the face was very happy.
6. I went to the village where my cousin was living.
7. I visited him when the village fair was in full swing.

  Comprehension-D

Q.1) Re-write these sentences, so that they are about the past. Add time phrases as in the example.
Example: He reads beautifully.

1. We did our homework in the afternoon.
2. The pupils wrote a composition last week.
3. My friend walked to school yesterday.
4. The Headmaster taught us English in the last period.
5. The peon rang the bell after every class.
6. My mother didn’t sleep well last night.
7. His brother lost his book some days back.
8. The eagle flew very high in the evening.
9. The cobbler sat under a tree day before yesterday.
10. They grew rice on this farm last year.

 

Comprehension-E

Q.1)
Give the degrees of Adjective:
old, young, great, big, far, famous, beautiful, popular, intelligent, delicious.
Example: old, older, oldest. famous, more famous, most famous.

Positive

Comparative

Superlative

old

older

oldest

young

younger

youngest

great

greater

greatest

big

bigger

biggest

far

farther

farthest

famous

more famous

most famous

beautiful

more beautiful

most beautiful

popular

more popular

most popular

intelligent

more intelligent

most intelligent

delicious

more delicious

most delicious

Comprehension-F

Q.1) Give the three forms of the verb.
know, hear, learn, sing, listen, read, go, write, make, wear, live.
Example: know, knew, known.

know

knew

known

hear

heard

heard

learn

learnt / learned

learnt / learned

sing

sang

sung

listen

listened

listened

read

read

read

go

went

gone

write

wrote

written

make

made

made

wear

wore

worn

live

lived

lived

 


 

Comprehension-G

Q.1) Write a short composition on a fair that you have seen.

Answer:
Last year, I and my family decided to visit my aunt who lived in a village nearby Chakwal. It was the month of March, very pleasant weather of spring when we went there. Actually, my cousin told me that during this period of time, an annual fair held at their village that was really superb and worth seeing too. As I am pretty much interested in fairs and festivals so I insisted my parents go there.
When we reached, my aunt and her family welcomed us warmly. On asking, my uncle told me that from tomorrow onwards the fair would start and continued for a couple of days. I was very excited to experience the fair. It was difficult for me to spend that day. I suffered from sleeplessness that night too. The next day I woke up early in the morning, went for a walk with my cousin, and got ready to visit the fair with my family and relatives.


At 10 o’clock we reached the fair place. I was surprised to see as it was quite a huge fair because it had occupied acres of open land. People were dressed in their best colorful dresses. Children in excitement had a desire to leave their parents’ hands to fully enjoy themselves with their friends. Jugglers, clowns, acrobats, entertainers, performers all were busy attracting the public towards them. A variety of stalls were there displaying clothes, jewelry, toys, food items, shoes, crockery, handicrafts, etc. Women were actively involved in their shopping with loud chit chat. Few steps ahead, a circus was there too. We bought the tickets and watched amazing stunts and performances of not only acrobats but of animals too including lions, elephants, cats, etc. There were different games and sports which attracted people’s attention.


After two hours, we all felt hungry so we moved towards the food stalls and enjoyed the delicious village meal like lassi, parathas, sag, etc. We enjoyed a lot at the fair and after three days went back to our home with unforgettable memories of the fair.


 

Comprehension-H

Q.1) Non-textual “The first, second and third prizes are cups.”


Exercises:


Ordinal numbers “The fourth, fifth and sixth position holders will get certificates. There is no reward for coming seventh, eighth, ninth, or tenth.”
Examples: “The schools will close from the eleventh to the twenty-first.”
Exercises: Complete the following sentences about this English textbook.
The first one has been done for you. Do the rest.
1.The first lesson of this book starts on the first page.
2.The second lesson of this book ends on the……….. page.
3.The third lesson of this book starts on the…………. page.
4.The fourth poem of this book starts on the………… page.
5.The fifth picture of this book is on the……… page.
6.The sixth part of the first lesson starts on the……….. page.
7.The seventh exercise in this book is on the………… page.
8.The eighth proper noun in this book is on the………… page.
9.The tenth verb in this book is on the………….. page.

Answer:
1. The first lesson of this book starts on the first page.
2. The second lesson of this book ends on the sixth page.
3. The third lesson of this book starts on the fifteenth page.
4. The fourth poem of this book starts on the thirty-fourth page.
5. The fifth picture of this book is on the forty-seventh pages.
6. The sixth part of the first lesson starts on the third page.
7. The seventh exercise in this book is on the twenty-seventh pages.
8. The eighth proper noun in this book is on the eighth page.
9. The tenth verb in this book is on the second page
.

 

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