Unit 05: Healthy Lifestyle

                      Health Problems Caused by Mosquitoes

Malaria:

Malaria, Dengue and Chikungunya are spread by mosquitoes. Malaria is caused by plasmodium, a single celled parasite, often transmitted by infected mosquitoes. It infects red blood cells. It can also lead to the severe liver infection. Sometimes the infected red blood cells become “Sticker” than usual and clot easily which can lead to the stoppage of blood flow to the brain causing Cerebral Malaria.  Malaria is recognized through high fever with chills, constipation, kidney dysfunction and disorientation.

Dengue:

There are four types of dengue virus. It can be transmitted by infected mosquitoes, infected human, blood used in a blood transfusion, organ transmission and from mother to the child. The virus attack white blood cells and other antibodies thus affecting the immune system. The death of white blood cells results in the leakage of liquids from the cells,  leading to the deficiency of protein, fluid in  the  lungs and in the stomach area, high fever, severe body pain, pain behind the eyes, decreased urine output, respiratory difficulties, dense headache, skin rashes, and excessive bleeding are its symptoms.

Chikungunya:

The virus is not contagious. It can spread from an infected person to other if mosquito first feed on infected person and then bites other people. The Chikungunya virus infects the muscle cells of body, joints, skin, connective tissues, and even the central nervous system. It is usually accompanied by  fever, skin rashes, partial loss of taste, headache, nausea, and vomiting. The disease is rarely fatal and virus remains in the system for 5-7 days.

Similarities and Differences in the Signs and Symptoms of the three diseases:

The Chikungunya virus is transmitted by the same virus that causes Dengue. They have almost identical symptoms and disease process. There are no medical ways or vaccine to prevent these diseases, but there are some useful suggestions to prevent from them:

ü Wear full covered clothes.

ü Net coverings.

ü Live in hygiene surroundings.

ü Avoid stagnant water.

ü Apply good quality mosquito repellent lotion.

ü Seek medical help as soon as possible.

      SIMPLE SOLVED SHORT ANSWERED QUESTIONS

Q #01: What are causes of Malaria?

Ans: Malaria is caused by Plasmodium a single-cell parasite transmitted by      mosquitoes which enters the circulatory system of human through saliva of mosquitoes parasite infects the red blood cells until they burst.

Q #02: what are causes of Chikungunya?

Ans: This virus is also transmitted through mosquitoes. These mosquitoes live in stagnant or polluted water and infect humans. Although the disease is not contagious, it can spread from one person to another, when mosquitos first feed on infected person and then bite other person.

Q #03: What are the causes of Dengue Virus?

Ans:  Infected mosquito spread the virus through its saliva when it bites. Dengue is a viral disease.

Q #04: What happens if dengue virus enters in the body?

Ans: Once the virus enters the body it circulates around the body, attacking white blood cells, and other antibodies thus affecting the immune system. The virus replicates the cells till it burst.

Q #05: How Malaria is recognized?

Ans: Malaria is recognized by High-Level Fever. The temperature reaches around 40℃ (104F), fever often accompanied by chills and may also include sweating.  Patients may also suffer from constipation, Kidney dysfunction, and disorientation.

Q #06: What does Chikungunya Virus do with the muscle cell?

Ans:  Chikungunya Virus infects the muscle cell. It reproduce there until the muscle cell die. Then it finds another host cell to burst.

Q #07: What prevention should we take for these diseases?

Ans: Following preventions can be taken from these diseases:

ü    Wear full covered clothes.

ü Net coverings.

ü Live in hygiene surroundings.

ü Avoid stagnant water.

ü Apply good quality mosquito repellent lotion.

ü Seek medical help as soon as possible.

Q #08: What are the similarities between these three diseases?

Ans:  The Chikungunya virus is transmitted by the same virus that causes Dengue.      They have almost identical symptoms and disease process.

Q #09: What are differences in the signs and symptoms of these diseases?

Ans:

·        Joint pain and inflammation caused by Chikungunya are more intense and pronounced.

·        Low platelets count, high bleeding, and pain behind the eyes are 6the main symptoms of Dengue.

·         The main symptoms of Malaria are chills shivering followed by fever/sweating.

     SOLUTIONS OF IMPORTANT EXERCISES FROM TEXT BOOK

READING COMPREHENSION:

EXERCISE #01:

Tick the right answer.

1.     The text is about:

a.     The life cycle of mosquitoes

b.     Different kinds of dangerous mosquitoes

c.      Diseases caused by mosquitoes

d.     Use of pesticides for the control of mosquitoes

EXERCISE #02:

Circle the diseases caused by the mosquitoes.

Tuberculosis                        Diphtheria                Cholera

Yellow fever             Malaria                     Tonsillitis

Chikungunya           Hepatitis                   Dengue

Influenza                  Cerebral Malaria

 

VOCABULARY:

EXERCISE #03:

Read the text and find following words and underline them.   

Words	Meaning
Parasite	An animal or plant that lives on and gets it food from others
Transmitted	Transfer from one person to another
Saliva	Liquid produced in the mouth that helps one to swallow and digest food
Clot	A lump formed in the blood which stops the flow of blood
Chills	Feel coldness
Constipation	Not able to discharge solid waste from the body
Dysfunction	Problem in the working of  the part of the body
Disorientation	Loss of sense of  direction
Transfusion	Putting one person’s blood to another person’s body
Antibodies	Substances in the blood which fight against the diseases
Immune	Cannot be harmed because the body has developed the ability to prevent  from disease
Respiratory	Breathing related
Stagnant	Stopped
Contagious	A disease that can spread  through touch
Nausea	A feeling of wanting to be sick
Fatal	Causing death
Display	To  show
Inflammation	Condition of the body when the part of the body is swollen and red and sore
Intense	Severe
Pronounced	Very noticeable

 EXERCISE #04:

Work in pairs and see how many of these words you can use in your own sentences. The pairs that will make most sentences will be the winner.

(Use book and find the words that are in exercise)

Words	Sentences
Parasite	The parasite attack  itself to the mouths  of the  fishes.
Transmitted	The knowledge is transmitted from teacher to the  student
Saliva	The mosquito injects its saliva in human body and he/she gets sick.
Clot	His nostrils were clotted with blood
Chills	They were chilled by sudden wind
Constipation	Amjad was suffering from constipation
Dysfunction	In Malaria kidney dysfunction usually occurs
Disorientation	As we  walked into the air in night, an air of total disorientation descended
Transfusion	Major blood needs transfusion
Antibodies	COVID-19 cure is possible by antibodies
Immune	Those persons who possess strong immune system are not affected by the virus
Respiratory	COVID patient usually possess respiratory problem
Stagnant	Mosquitos usually found on stagnant water
Contagious	Precautions are taken with anyone who seems contagious
Nausea	The stories will launch a wave of nausea and outrage
Fatal	Dengue is fatal disease
Display	The astronomical bodies were displayed by  them
Inflammation	There was inflammation in his eyes
Intense	He has an intense fever
Pronounced	We had pronounced a squint

EXERCISE #05:

Read the text and select the correct  answers from the options given below.

1.     It is important to find out what exact disease is:

a.     The patient can rest

b.     We tell everyone about it

c.      It can be treated properly

d.     The patient can decide what to do

2.     The Malaria parasite attacks the

a.     White blood  cells

b.     Brain

c.      Stomach

d.     Red blood cells

3.      Once the  dengue virus enters in the system it affects

a.     Immune system

b.     Digestive System

c.      Circulatory System

d.     Nervous  System

4.     In severe cases of dengue, bleeding may occur in the

a.     Eyes and ears

b.     Brain

c.      Stomach and intestine

d.     Gums and nose

5.     Chikungunya patient usually have fever with

a.     Shivering

b.     Rashes

c.      Bleeding

d.     Chills       

 

POST READING

EXERCISE #06:

Read the following text and complete the table.

Diseases	Source of Transmission	Organs/Cells Attacked	Symptoms
Malaria	·         Infected Mosquitoes	Red blood cells	·         High Fever ·         Chills ·         Sweating ·         Constipation ·         Kidney Dysfunction ·         Disorientation
Dengue	·         Infected mosquitoes ·         From one human to another ·         Organ Donation ·         From mother to child	·         White blood cells ·         Antibodies ·         Immune System	·         High Fever ·         Severe body pain ·         Decreased urine output ·         Respiratory difficulties ·         Intense headache ·         Skin rashes ·         Excessive bleeding
Chikungunya	·         Through mosquitoes ·         An infected person	·         Muscle ·         Joints ·         Connective tissues ·         Central Nervous system	·         Fever ·         Headache ·         Skin rashes ·         Nausea ·         Vomiting ·         Muscle weakness ·         Joint pain ·         Partial loss of taste

EXERCISE #07:

Discuss the following questions with your partner.

Q #01: What are the most  common diseases caused by mosquitoes?

Ans: Malaria, Dengue and Chikungunya are three diseases caused by mosquitoes.

Q #02: Which specific part of the body becomes highly infected in Celebral Malaria?

Ans: Sometimes the red infected cells become “sticker” than usual and clot easily, which can lead to the stoppage of blood to the brain causing Cerebral Malaria.

Q #03: What can lead to severe liver infection when one has Malaria?

Ans: Malaria is caused by plasmodium a single-celled parasite often transmitted by infected mosquitoes. It is injected into person’s circulatory system through saliva of the mosquitoes parasite infects the red blood cells until they burst. It also infects other cell which leads to the liver infection.

LANGUAGE PRACTICE:

SIMPLE AND COMPOUNDS SENTENCES

In English, we use mainly three types of sentences i.e. simple, compound, and complex. Use of a variety of sentences makes the writing interesting.

·        A simple sentence has a subject and one predicate.

My mother is good cook.

·        In Compound sentences two complete sentences are joined together by 

        comma +conjunction. For, because, nor

My mother is good, but she cannot stitch.

EXERCISE #02:

In below exercise join two sentences to form compound sentences.

a.     Najma and Rehana studied very hard as they both got A grades in their exams.

b.     Her father is a pilot and he has flown many types of  planes.

c.      Our car is very old but its engine is in good condition.

d.     The boys were playing cricket because it was the  first day of their summer vacations.

e.     My brother is a good artist but  he cannot sing at all.

f.       You may buy only a new dress now, or you may buy new dress and shoes next month.

g.     The baby cannot walk, but the baby can crawl very fast.

h.     I love gardening so I can grow my own vegetables.

i.        The flowers in this pot are very colorful and the flowers in your garden have lovely fragrance.

j.       This book is very informative and it is also very interesting.

 

EXEERCISE #05:

Following exercises have some statements, exclamations, wishes, hopes, and promises in direct speech. Change them from direct to indirect speech and write them inn our notebook.

1.     “I have many friends and I have to invite all of them tomorrow,” said Abid.

Abid said that he had many friends and he had to invite all of them following day.

2.     Reshma said, “I hope I will get admission in the medical college this year.”

Reshma said that she hoped she would get admission in the medical college that year.

3.     “I wish I had ten hands and hundred fingers to do all that work,” said Feroza.

Feroza wished that she had ten hands and hundred fingers to do all that work.

4.     The student said, “I promise I  will do my homework regularly from today.”

The student promised that he would do his homework regularly from that day.

5.     ‘’They want to buy a new car.’’  Said the lawyer, “but they don’t have any money.”

The lawyer said they wanted to buy a new car but they didn’t have any money.

6.     “We hope we will be able to get permission from our parents,” said the children.

The children hoped that they would get permission from their parents.

7.     “I never thought that a son of mine  would get such bad marks!” said the father.

The father said that he had never thought that a son of his would get such bad marks.

8.     The blind boy said, “I wish I could see this interesting match on television.”

The blind boy wished that he could see that interesting match on television.

9.     “Next week we promise we will clean the whole house”  the children said the parents.

The children promise that they would clean the whole house next week.

1.     “Our team won the champion’s trophy here for the first time!” said the coach.

The coach exclaimed with  joy that their team had won  the champion’s trophy  there for the first time.

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