HOOKE'S LAW Introduction In physics, Hooke's Law is one of the fundamental principles governing how objects deform under external forces . Named after the 17th-century British physicist Robert Hooke, this law provides a crucial understanding of the behavior of elastic materials, such as springs and rubber bands. Whether stretching a rubber band or compressing a spring, Hooke's Law helps explain what happens when forces act on these materials. What is Hooke's Law: Hooke's Law states that the force F needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance x is proportional to that distance. Mathematically, it is expressed as: F= -kx Here k represents the spring constant, which is the measure of the stiffness of the spring, and x is the displacement from the displacement position. The negative sign indicates that the force exerted by the spring is in the opposite direction of the displacement. Understanding the Spring Constant: The spring constant k is a critical co
Torque or Moment of Force The turning effect of the force is called Torque. It is also known as Moment of Force. Torque depends on: The magnitude of force. The perpendicular distance between point of application of the force and the pivot. It is also called as Moment Arm. Now considering above equation, we have unit of torque is Nm. Moments are described as Clockwise or Anti-clockwise in direction. Example Problems on Torque Example 01: A driver tightens the nut of the wheel using 2cm long spanner by exerting a force of 300N. Find the torque. Data: d= 2cm => 2/100= 0.02m F= 300N Torque =? Solution: Torque = F x d Torque = 300 x 0.02 Torque = 6Nm. Self-Assessment Question: What will be the moment of force? When 500N of force is applied on 40cm long spanner to tighten the nut? Data: d= 40cm = 0.4m F=500N Torque =? Solution: Torque = F x d Torque = 500 x 0.4 Torque = 200Nm. Example 02: A mechanic tightens the nut of the bicycle using a 15cm long spanner by exerting a force of 200N.